The aesthetics of garden conservation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58519/aesthinv.v2i2.11966Keywords:
garden, environment, conservation, aestheticsAbstract
The aim of the article is to discuss two theories of garden conservation. The difference between them lies in how they conceive of gardens and consequently what values they find worthy of protection. The ‘idealistic’ theory treats gardens as cultural objects similar to other works and demands that the form originally designed should be restored. The ‘materialistic’ theory claims that gardens can be only conserved because of their processual qualities. The goal of conservation is then not to set back the garden process or stop it, but to keep it on and direct it. The author’s contention is that the latter theory is better because it corresponds with what gardens are, namely natural environments arranged by humans. This definition of a garden is discussed in the first part of the article.
References
Agostoni, Franco. 1989. “Il restauro di un complesso storico.” In Tutela
dei giardini storici. Bilanci e prospettive, edited by Vincenzo Cazzato,
–144. Roma: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali.
Assunto, Rosario. 1988. Ontologia e teleologia del giardino. Milan: Guerini.
— 1996. “Philosophy.” In Historic Gardens. Safeguarding a European
Heritage, 7–18. Bruxelles: Office for Official Publications of the European
Communities.
Barwell, Ismay, and John Powell. 2010. “Music and Time.” In Gardening.
Philosophy for Everyone, edited by Dan O’Brien, 135–147. Oxford:
Blackwell.
Battisti, Eugenio. 1989. “Reinventando per il futuro i giardini del passato.”
In Tutela dei giardini storici. Bilanci e prospettive, edited by Vincenzo
Cazzato, 217–222. Roma: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali,
Ufficio Studi.
— 2004. Iconologia ed ecologia del giardino e paesaggio. Firenze:
Olschki.
Birnbacher, Dieter. 2014. Naturalness: Is the ‘Natural’ Preferable to the
‘Artificial’? Translated by D. Carus. Lanham MD: University Press of
America.
Bogdanowski, Janusz. 2000. Polskie ogrody ozdobne: historia i problemy
rewaloryzacji. Warszawa: Arkady.
Bonelli, Renato. 1989. “Giardini storici: necessità di una teoria.” In Tutela
dei giardini storici. Bilanci e prospettive, edited by Vincenzo Cazzato,
–183. Roma: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali.
Boriani, Maurizio. 1992. “Quale restauro per le ‘architetture vegetali’?
Problemi di tutela, conservazione e gestione di un patrimonio vivente.”
In Il giardino e il tempo. Conservazione e manutenzione delle architetture
vegetali, edited by Maurizio Boriani and Lionella Scazzosi, 15–24. Guerini
e Associati.
Boriani, Maurizio, Lionella Scazzosi, Vico Fallani, Isa Belli Barsali, Enrico
Guadagni, Vincenzo Cazzato, et al. 1987. “Rapporto sulla tutela e la
conservazione delle architetture vegetali in Italia.” Ecologia ambiente,
ricerche 1:64–180.
Brandi, Cesare. 2005. Theory of Restoration. Firenze: Nardini. ed. Giuseppe
Basile trans. Cynthia Rockwell.
Budd, Malcolm. 2002. The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature. Oxford:
Clarendon.
Carbonara, Giovanni. 1989. “Problemi di restauro dei giardini storicoartistici.”
In Tutela dei giardini storici. Bilanci e prospettive, edited by
Vincenzo Cazzato, 184–194. Roma: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e
Ambientali.
Carlson, Allen. 2000. Aesthetics and the Environment. The Appreciation of
Nature, Art and Architecture. New York: Routledge.
Catalano, Mario, and Franco Panzini. 1991. Giardini storici. Teoria e
tecniche di conservazione e restauro. Roma: Officina Edizioni.
Cazzato, Vincenzo. 1989. Tutela dei giardini storici: bilanci e prospettive.
Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio studi.
Conan, Michel. 2007. “In Defiance of the Institutional Art World.” In
Contemporary Garden Aesthetics, Creations and Interpretations, edited
by Michel Conan, 3–15. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oakes.
Cooper, David E. 2006. A Philosophy of Gardens. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
— 2009. “Gardens.” In A Companion to Aesthetics, edited by Stephen
Davies, 304–306. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Dezzi Bardeschi, Marco. 1992. “Quei giardini fuggitivi come gli anni.” In
Il giardino e il tempo. Conservazione e manutenzione delle architetture
vegetali, edited by Maurizio Boriani and Lionella Scazzosi, 11–13. Milano:
Guerini e Associati.
Elliot, Robert. 1997. Faking Nature: The Ethics of Environmental Restoration.
London: Routledge.
Farielllo, Francesco. 1967. Architettura dei giardini. Roma: Edizioni
dell’Ateneo.
Goodchild, Peter H. 2009. “From the Florence Charter to the Florence
Convention.” In Giardini storici. A 25 anni dalle Carte di Firenze: esperienze
e prospettive, edited by Laura S. Pelissetti and Lionella Scazzosi,
–193. Olschki.
Harbison, Robert. 2000. Eccentric Spaces. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hepburn, Ronald. 1966. “Contemporary Aesthetics and the Neglect of
Natural Beauty.” In British Analytical Philosophy, edited by Bernard
Williams, 285–310. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
— 1993. “Trivial and Serious in Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature.”
In Landscape, Natural Beauty and the Arts, edited by Salim Kemal and
Ivan Gaskell, 65–80. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hunt, John D. 1991. “The Garden as a Cultural Object.” In Denatured Visions:
Landscape and Culture in the Twentieth Century, edited by Stuart
Wrede and William H. Adams, 19–32. New York: Museum of Modern
Art.
— 2004. The Afterlife of Gardens. London: Reaktion Books.
ICOMOS. 1993. Jardins et sites historiques. https://www.icomos.org/
publications/journal_scientifique1/js1_jardins_historiques.pdf
ICOMOS-IFLA International Committee for Historic Gardens. 1981.
Florence Charter. https://www.icomos.org/images/DOCUMENTS/
Charters/gardens_e.pdf. Adopted by ICOMOS in 1982.
Johnson, Hugh. 1979. The Principles of Gardening: a Guide to the Art,
History, Science, and Practice of Gardening. New York: Simon and
Schuster.
Leddy, Thomas. 1988. “Gardens in an Expanded Field.” British Journal of
Aesthetics 28 (4): 327–340.
Leslie, Michael et al. 2013. A Cultural History of Gardens. Volume 1.
London: Bloomsbury.
Majdecki, Longin. 1993. Ochrona i konserwacja zabytkowych załozen
ogrodowych. Warszawa: PWN.
— 2007. Historia Ogrodow. Od starozytnosci po barok. Edited by
A. Majdecka-Strzałek. Warszawa: PWN.
Miller, Mara. 1993. The Garden as an Art. New York: State University of
New York Press.
— 1998. “Gardens. Gardens as Art.” In Encyclopaedia of Aesthetics,
edited by Michael Kelly, Volume 2, 275–280. Oxford University Press.
— 2010. “Time and Temporality in the Garden.” In Gardening. Philosophy
for Everyone, edited by Dan O’Brien, 178–191. Oxford: Blackwell.
Mosser, Monique. 2000. “The Impossible Quest for the Past: Thoughts
on the Restoration of Gardens.” In The History of Garden Design. The
Western Tradition from the Renaissance to the Present Day, edited by
Monique Mosser and Georges Teyssot, 525–529. London: Thames &
Hudson.
Pelissetti, Laura S., and Lionella Scazzosi. 2009. Giardini storici. A 25 anni
dalle Carte di Firenze: esperienze e prospettive. Firenze: Olschki.
Petraroia, Pietro. 1989. “Riflessioni sul restauro dei giardini storici.” In
Tutela dei giardini storici. Bilanci e prospettive, edited by Vincenzo Cazzato,
–177. Roma: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali.
Pozzana, Maria Chiara. 1996. Giardini storici: principi e tecniche della
conservazione title. Firenze: Alinea Editrice.
Riegl, Alois. 1982. The modern cult of monuments: its character and its
origin. Cambridge: MIT.
Rinaldi, Alessandro. 1989. “Un falso problema: il restauro dei giardini
storici.” In Tutela dei giardini storici. Bilanci e prospettive, edited by
Vincenzo Cazzato, 236–248. Roma: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e
Ambientali.
Ross, Stephanie. 1998. What Gardens Mean. Chicago: Chicago University
Press.
Salwa, Mateusz. 2014a. “The Garden as a Performance.” Estetika: The
Central European Journal of Aesthetics LI(VII) (1): 42–61.
— 2014b. “Historic Gardens as Places of Conflicting Values.” Ethics
in Progress 5 (1): 96–112.
— 2015. “The History of Gardens: Geistesgeschichte or
Naturgeschichte?” Ikonotheka 25:73–85.
— 2016. Estetyka ogrodu. Miedzy sztuka a ekologia. Lodz: Przypis.
Scazzosi, Lionella. 1993. Il giardino opera aperta. La conservazione delle
architetture vegetali. Firenze: Alinea Editrice.
Szafranska, Malgorzata. 2000. “Usmiech Mnemozyne albo dylematy konserwacji
zabytkowych ogrodow.” In Krajobrazy. Ksiega pamiatkowa w 70. rocznice urodzin profesora Janusza Bogdanowskiego, edited by Stanislaw Kolodziejski, Jadwiga Marcinek, and Roman Marcinek, 287–293.
Warszawa: ODZ.
— 2004. “Czy zabytek moze byc dzielem sztuki. O konserwacji
ogrodow.” In Dzielo sztuki a konserwacja, edited by Dariusz Nowacki
and Jerzy Zmudzinski, 159–171. Krakow: SHS.
Treib, Marc, ed. 2011. Meaning in Landscape Architecture and Gardens:
Four Essays, Four Commentaries. New York: Routledge.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Note: up to volume 4 issue 1, an incorrect copyright line appears in the PDFs of the articles.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
