Strategy focused instruction in literacy education and second language learning for adults (LESLLA) in the Netherlands
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51751/dujal12291Keywords:
LESLLA, Second Language and Literacy Teaching, Adult Literacy, Language Learning Strategies, Strategy InstructionAbstract
This survey study focused on the strategies that LESLLA teachers in the Netherlands model and train in their classes. A questionnaire was developed aiming at tapping into four different strategy types: metacognitive, social, affective and cognitive strategies. Eighty two LESLLA teachers participated in the study. The study revealed remarkable differences between teachers: 17% of the respondents could be characterized as strongly strategy focused, whereas 41% of the participants was categorized as strategy focused and 32% as moderately strategy focused. 10% of the teachers reported to rarely focus on any strategy at all. The results showed that the teachers in our sample focused more frequently on metacognitive and social strategies and less on affective and cognitive strategies. Strategy focus could not be related to teacher characteristics, such as their training or their years of teaching experience, and also not to the proficiency level of their learners.
Downloads
References
Abbott, M. L., Lee, K. K., & Ricioppo, S. (2021). Does portfolio-based language assessment align with learning-oriented assessment? Evidence from literacy learners and their instructors. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 24(2), 260–285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37213/cjal.2021.31338
Amerstorfer, C. M. (2018). Past its expiry date? The SILL in modern mixed-methods strategy research. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(2 Special Issue), 497–523. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.2.14
Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. In Annual Review of Psychology (Vol. 52). https://doi.org/doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1.
Benseman, J. (2014). Adult refugee learners with limited literacy: Needs and effective responses. Refuge, 30(1), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.38606
Berliner, D. C. (2001). Learning about and learning from expert teachers. International Journal of Educational Research, 35, 463–482. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1016/S0883-0355(02)00004-6
Bigelow, M., & Vinogradov, P. (2011). Teaching adult second language learners who are emergent readers. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31, 120–136. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190511000109
Chamot, Anna Uhl, & O’Malley, J. M. (1987). The Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach: A bridge to the mainstream. TESOL Quarterly, 21(2), 227. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586733
Cohen, A. D. (2011). Strategies in learning and using a second language. (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Cohen, A. D., & Macaro, E. (2007). Language learner strategies: Thirty years of research and practice. Oxford University Press.
Cole, S. M., & Elson, A. B. (2015). Implementating the Mutually Adaptive Learning Paradigm in the LESLLA classroom. In Ineke Van de Craats, J. Kurvers, & R. Van Hout (Eds.), Adult Literacy, Second Language and Cognition (pp. 199–216).
Collingridge, D. (2022). Validating a questionnaire. https://www.methodspace.com/blog/validating-a-questionnaire
Condelli, L., & Wrigley, H. (2008). The What Works Study : Instruction, literacy and language learning for adult ESL literacy students. Tracking Adult Literacy and Numeracy Skills: Findings from Longitudinal Research. London & New York: Routledge, 1–34.
Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Council of Europe.
DeCapua, A. (2016). Reaching students with limited or interrupted formal education through culturally responsive teaching. Language and Linguistic Compass, 10(5), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12183
DeCapua, A., & Marshall, H. W. (2011). Reaching ELLs at Risk: Instruction for Students With Limited or Interrupted Formal Education. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 55(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/10459880903291680
DeCapua, A., & Marshall, H. W. (2015). Reframing the conversation about students with limited or interrupted formal education: From achievement gap to cultural dissonance. NASSP Bulletin, 99(4), 356–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192636515620662
Distefano, C., Zhu, M., & Mindrila, D. (2009). Understanding an using factor scores: considerations for the applied researcher. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation., 14(201). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7275/da8t-4g52
Dörnyei, Z., & Taguchi, T. (2010). Questionnaires in second language research (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Eek, M. (2021). Språkhjelpere, investering og sosial rettferdighet. Høgskolen in Innlandet.
Ellis, J. L. (2017). Factor analysis and item analysis. Radboud University.
Feldmeier, A. (2015). Encouraging learner autonomy: Working with portfolios, learning agreements and individualized materials. In I. Van de Craats, J. Kurvers, & R. Van Hout (Eds.), Adult Literacy, Second Language and Cognition (pp. 89–114). Centre for Language Studies.
Green, J. M., & Oxford, R. (1995). A closer look at strategies, L2 proficiency, and gender. TESOL Quarterly, 29(2), 261–297.
Griffiths, C. (2008). Lessons from good language learners. Cambridge University Press.
Gu, Y., & Johnson, R. K. (1996). Vocabulary learning and language learning outcomes. Language Learning, 46(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1996.tb01355.x
Gu, Yongqi (2019). Approaches to learning strategy instruction. In Learning strategy instruction in the language classroom. (pp. 22–38). Multilingual Matters.
Gutiérrez, K. D., & Rogoff, B. (2003). Cultural ways of learning: individual traits or repertoires of practice. Educational Researcher, 32(5), 19–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x032005019
Harpe, S. E. (2015). How to analyze Likert and other rating scale data. Currents in Pharmacy. Teaching and Learning, 7, 836–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CPTL.2015.08.001
Harris, V. (2019). Diversity and integration in language learning strategy instruction. In A.U. Chamot & V. Harris (Eds.), Learning strategy instruction in the language classroom. (pp. 38–52). Multilingual Matters.
Huang, J., & Newbern, C. (2012). The effects of meta-cognitive reading strategy instruction on reading performance of adult ESL learners with limited English and literacy skills. Journal of Research and Practice for Adult Literacy, Secondary and Basic Education, 1(2), 66–78.
Janssen-van Dieten, A.-M. (2005). Competentieprofiel & Certificering van docenten NT2. BVNT2.
JASP Team. (2021). JASP (0.16). https://jasp-stats.org/
Jones, A. H. (2016). The discourse of language learning strategies: towards an inclusive approach. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20(8), 855–870.
Kurvers, J. (2010). Alfabetisering. In B. Bossers, F. Kuiken, & A. Vermeer (Eds.), Handboek Nederlands als tweede taal. Coutinho.
Kurvers, J., Minuz, F., Neab, R., Rocca, L., &, & Schramm, K. (2021). Literacy and Second Language Learning for the Linguistic Integration of Adult Migrants (LASLLIAM). Council of Europe.
Kurvers, J., & Stockmann, W. (2009). Alfabetisering NT2 in Beeld Leerlast en succesfactoren.
Kurvers, J., & Stockmann, W. (2009). Alfabetisering NT2 in Beeld. Leerlast en succesfactoren.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning. Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press.
Little, D. (2009). The European Language Portfolio: where pedagogy and testing meet. 8th International Seminar on the European Language Portfolio, 29 September–1 October 2009, 1–4. papers3://publication/uuid/38B66CD7-FBFF-4FBA-ADF3-324AA99F5B9C
Markov, S., Scheithauer, C., & Schramm, K. (2015). Lernberatung für Teilnehmende in DaZ-Alphabetisierungskursen. Waxmann.
Mokatef, M. (2009). Das Menschenrecht auf Alphabetisierung. In J. Bothe (Ed.), Wie kommen Analphabeten zu Wort? Waxmann.
Mokhtari, K., & Sheory, R. (2002). Measuring ESL students’ awareness of reading strategies. Journal of Developmental Education, 25(3), 2–10.
Naif, A. H., & Saad, N. S. M. (2017). Language learning strategies use and challenges faced by adult arab learners of Finnish as a second language in Finland. English Language Teaching, 10(4), 111. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n4p111
Norlund Shaswar, A., & Wedin, A. (2019). Language learning strategies and teaching practices in adult L2 education: The case of Swedish for immigrants. Apples Journal of Applied Language Studies, 13(3), 17–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201907063590
Nuwenhoud, A. (2015). The Red Book: A role-based portfolio for non-literate immigrant language learners. In I. van de Craats, J. Kurvers, & R. van Hout (Eds.), Adult literacy, Second Language and Cognition (pp. 217–234). Centre for Language Studies.
Oxford, R. L. (1989). Strategy Inventory for Language Learning Version 7.0.
Oxford, R. L. (2017). Teaching and researching language learning strategies. Routledge.
Peacock, M., & Ho, B. (2003). Student language learning across eight disciplines. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 13(2), 179–200. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1473-4192.00043
Phoa, L. A. (2021). Leren leren om te alfabetiseren. Een verkennende analyse van leerstrategieën in cursusmethodes voor laaggeletterde, anderstalige volwassenen. Amsterdam.
Plonsky, L. (2011). The effectiveness of second language strategy instruction: A meta-analysis. Language Learning, 61(4), 993–1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00663.x
Plonsky, L. (2019). Language learning strategy instruction: recent research and future directions. In Anna Uhl; Chamot & V. Harris (Eds.), Learning strategy instruction in the language classroom. (pp. 3–21). Multilingual Matters.
Qualtrics. (n.d.). Qualtrics (September 2021). Qualtrics. htpps://www.qualtrics.com
Reimer, J. (2008). Learning Strategies and Low-Literacy Hmong Adult Students. 1998.
Rogoff, B., Callanan, M., Gutiérrez, K. D., & Erickson, F. (2016). The Organization of Informal Learning. 40, 356–401. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X16680994
Rubin, J. (1975). What the “Good Language Learner” can teach us. TESOL Quarterly, 9(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/3586011
Schalge, S., & Soga, K. (2008). “Then I stop coming to school”: Understanding absenteeism in an adult English as a second language program. Adult Basic Education and Literacy Journal, 2(3), 151–160.
Seker, M. (2016). The use of self-regulation strategies by foreign language learners and its role in language achievement. Language Teaching Research, 20(5), 600–618. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168815578550
Spurk, D., Hirschi, A., Wang, M., Valero, D., & Kauffeld, S. (2020). Latent profile analysis: A review and “how to” guide of its application within vocational behavior research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 120, 2–21.
Stockmann, W. (2004). Raamwerk Alfabetisering. Cito.
Stockmann, W. (2005). Portfolio Alfabetisering NT2. Cito.
Takeuchi, O., Griffiths, C., & Coyle, D. (2007). Applying strategies to contexts: the role of the individual, situational and group differences. In A. D. Cohen & E. Macaro (Eds.), Language Learner Strategies. Thirty years of research and practice. (pp. 69–92). Oxford University Press.
Uebersax, J. S. (2006). Likert type scales: dispelling the confusion. Statistical Methods for Rater Agreement. http://www.john-uebersax.com/stat/likert.htm
UNESCO. (2013). Paper on literacy from a right to education perspective. UNESCO.
Wenger, E. (1999). Communities of practice. Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge University Press.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Kaatje Dalderop, Sible Andringa, Judith Rispens
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.