¹ These were, in addition to Atari formats, outdated Macintosh formats and the associated devices (Kramski & Von Bülow, 2011, p. 145; Von Bülow, 2003).

² The digital manuscript of Strittmatter’s novel “Raabe Baikal” dated from 1989, other objects from the first half of the 1990s. The acquisition took place in 2000, so that partially more than ten years passed between the creation and the paper’s transfer to the Deutsche Literaturarchiv (Von Bülow, 2003).

³ Kramski and Von Bülow (2011) give an overview of physical decay of media and obsolescence (pp. 142–145). They have also pointed to problems that arise on the authenticity, integrity and originality of digital objects that are not mentioned in this article. (pp. 152–154).

⁴ Hobbs (2001) and Meyer (2002) inform about the personality’s impact on the internal structure of papers.

⁵ According to a survey conducted in 2012 four of five Internet users save content in the cloud. The stored object types are distributed as follows: photos (44%), music (25%), address (18%), calendar (18%), email (15%), personal documents (5%), other objects (5%). (PresseBox, 2012).

⁶ This has to be seen in contrast to a proactive approach, in which especially prominent writers sell their papers to special collections (Ott 1999, pp. 39–40). “Precustodial” in fact refers to all actions prior to the paper’s sale. In this stage, which is to be called as “pre-custodial stage” in the paper’s life cycle, special collections should cooperate with the creators in order to ensure a proper management of still active digital papers.

⁷ The citation refers to the printed version of the “Workbook on personal digital archives”. It is also available in an open access web-version. See: http://www. paradigm.ac.uk/projectdocs/index.html.

⁸ Public Cloud has to be distinguished from the term Private Cloud. Private Cloud refers to cloud environments operated by companies or organizations for employees, partners or customers. That includes also hosted IT infrastructures offered by an IT service provider to its customers.

⁹ Outlook.com (Microsoft) deletes Emails after 365 days = 1 year (Microsoft, 2015). GMX restricts access after 6 months (GMX, 2015). Google provides the Inactive Account Manager which enables the users to manage inactivity (Google, 2013).

¹⁰ It would be difficult to impose the writers those professional standards as well.